The stratum basale is the deepest layer of the epidermis, consisting of a single row of columnar or cuboidal cells. The epidermal cells originate from this layer and new cells are continually being produced. Some of these cells make the protein keratin, which toughens them. Keratin is found in the hair, skin, and nails of all people. Other cells, called melanocytes, produce melanin, the substance that gives skin color. Melanin is present in the eyes, hair and skin of all people, except albinos. As the cells of the stratum basale increase in number, they are pushed outward and become part of the stratum granulosum.
